Living and Non-living machines

The subtle difference between living and non-living that we learn from Vedic scriptures is not very well understood by the modern scientific community. The scientific community particularly the biologists are in the process of research to learn more about What is Life? Whatever has been known so far does not give any clarity on what is living and what is dead. The current understanding which is based on the large number of assumptions states that the life could possibly be the cell itself. What is not known is how does the cell  has evolved? 

The recent research on living machines published in the paper "A cellular platform for the development of synthetic living machines" [1]  is even more interesting to note that it has been titled as Living machine. The author does states that they have created a living machine. However, the understanding is that the research is on creating an automatic self-healing machine from the living organism. Some of the critical points to be noted are that the machine has not been created from dead cells, rather it has been created from living cells which after the initial organization can further behave as a self-healing machine just like a computer. The machine has also a capability to record the past behavior of the machine. 

The relevant question to be asked is does this finding anyway helps us understand how does life has started, does this finding be useful in answering the question of machine consciousness? Will the machine ever be conscious? 

Reference:

[1] https://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/6/52/eabf1571/tab-pdf

Jaynarayan, Bangalore, India

Premature Ideas and Thought in Process

Simultaneous of Existence of Multiple Fundamental Elements:

More fundamental than work is force, more than force is movement, more that movement is change, more than change is #time....Time definitely seems to be a fundmental quantity among many. The theory should be that of the theory of multiple fundamental quantities existing parallelly for an eternal time. The creation which we see as our universe therefore must be a transient appearance due to coming together of multiple such fundamental quantities. This direction needs exploration. let's look for whether this could be one of the possibilities. Existence of multiple irreducible fundamental elements. Why would this make sense? What kind of math can capture such a theory? Do we have any evidence for that?

Knowledge and Ignorance:

Knowledge and ignorance are so subtle that our mind can play and flip them as if the one would seem to b like the other. And, the most dangerous is when we accept ignorance as knowledge with a pinch of ego. It may be ok so far to remain ignorant but it is extremely dangerous to accept ignorance as knowledge and being falsely proud of it. A knowledgeable is one who understands that he is in ignorance. One who is really in knowledge would develop a very important quality of humility (and in fact this is the only outcome of pursuing knowledge)- being a humble person from within.

There could be six kinds of person:

- One who is in knowledge and is humble

- One who is in knowledge but has pride of having knowledge

- One who is not in knowledge but consider himself to be knowledgeable

- One who holds ignorance as knowledge (very dangerous)

- One who is in ignorance but does not know he is in ignorance

- One who is in ignorance but knows he in ignorance

Among these, the first and last persons are the fit for knowledge.

Scalability:

Two ideas: - scalability generally is inversely proportional to quality;

- computation and mathematics have the capabilities to voyage into the subtle world of this nature.

Generally, it is observed that scalability does not go well with quality, the moment one tries to scale-up the things the quality gets affected. Therefore, the right kind of problem to solve is can we have a kind of mathematical model which reverse the process, means, the quality also gets magnified as the scalability increase.

The second thought: computation and mathematics have the capabilities to take us to the world which is subtle and possibly can take us to the world which is of different nature than the one we have currently. The reason is that these two fields teach us to abstract the things which are located or functional in different domains. The process of abstraction builds a kind of bridge between these different domains which also can be seen as the layered reality.

Will be elaborated more!

Rotation and Circularity:

The rotation has so close relation with the circular share. nature is so meticulously designed. rotation is most efficient if the shape is circular. uniformity around the perimeter. have a look at the cosmos and you will find that the planets move or rotate in #circular orbit, have a look at the bottom the tiniest structure of an #atom, the electron revolves around the nucleus in a path that is nearly circular. ....... the #shape that dictates action... #physics #philosophy

Variation:

we will discuss on the root cause of #variation that we witness in each and everything that is being done by human beings. Why there is no exact perfection and why in everything we see variation? It essentially hints at the existence of more fundamental elements and its properties. When we build a thing, the first step we take is to plan a kind of mental and intellect exercise. And, then the next step we take is to execute to realize the plan. The process of realization or implementation has to go through a series of steps further to reach at the point of satisfaction. The point of satisfaction is defined as that point where the designer feel satisfied witht he end product. And the point of satisfaction indicates that the realized outcome is somewhat as expected to the envisaged one. However, in many cases, it has been observed, and now it is being looked at as a basic limitation that there exists some degree of variation between the expected one and the realized one. Why it is so ? that is a big question. The same also has observed in the field of semiconductor manufacturing which we called as variation effect. This intriguing question is from that observation. Why there is always some degree of variation? We will investigate the problem and search for the problem to this problem. #freewill #physics #computation #philosophy #Vedanta

Time:

Time is so mysterious so far to us that it seems it is more fundamental than anything else science has discovered. The Vedic sages have offered some of the profound understandings on time and now its time for science to investigate such findings and synthesize it with the contemporary methodology of doing science to reach at the perfect understanding. Is time is that which imposes movement and changes? Everything in this world is subjected to change, and that change is something needed to be investigated thoroughly. #vedictime #time #physics #force

Ref: The Physics and Philosophy of Time - with Carlo Rovelli, Youtube Seminar, The Royal Institution

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We will continue to post the thoughts that would stimulate further investigation and detail work. 

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Jaynarayan

Tirupati, India

.... Because we are sorrounded by so many good people.

Remain thankful to all of you!

It gives me immense pleasure to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to all those who have kindly helped me in carrying out this research work. I am very much thankful to Prof. Virendra Singh, IIT Bombay and Prof Matthew Jacob for their guidance throughout the research. From the very beginning of my Ph.D. days, Prof. Matthew and Prof. Singh have been guiding me in all the aspects of my research. I am particularly thankful to Prof Virendra Singh for he has kindly welcomed me to IIT Bombay and ensured my stay and research in every visit to CADS laboratory. Prof Matthew has been constantly monitoring my progress which helped me pursue the research even when I used to feel moral weakness. Prof. Matthew has provided me several technical inputs although my research area is slightly different than his usual area of interest, the inputs have latter resulted in the publications.
Prof. Matthew has been very much accommodating in various situation particularly for my visit to IIT Bombay. I am thankful to MHRD, Govt. of India and Indian Institute of Science for supporting my entire research by institute scholarship.

It was my pleasure to share and discuss some our ideas with Prof Shankar Balachandran, IIT Chennai. I respect his quick ideas and suggestions, many of our work got good shape partly because of his suggestions.

Prof Kewal Saluja of the University of Wisconsin for all of our works has given many valuable suggestions and reviewed our ideas on Joint-scan architecture. In the starting of this work Prof. Saluja has given us a good motivation to look into the architectural aspect of Joint-scan. Prof Janak Patel, University of Illinois, UC, used be our frequent guest at CADSL, IIT Bombay. Many of our ideas which sprung from our daily meeting are strengthen by Prof. Janak Patel. He often boosts our moral in pursuing research with engineering attitude. Prof Janak has taught us how by taking care of minor aspects of research work, the larger problem gets a better understanding. 

During my stay at IISc, I have met with some of the fine professors whose words are filled with inspirations and encouragements. I thank Prof Y Narahari for his support in each and every difficulty of my IISc research life. Prof Narahari is one of the professors who understands the student's di culty
from the rst person perspective. Prof M Narasimha Murthy has always helped me and ensured my timely research and completion of the thesis. I am very much thankful to the current chairman of our department Prof. Jayant Haritsa for he has always pushed me for early completion of the thesis, Professor has officially ensured all of my visits to IIT Bombay for research to happen in fast track.

I would like to acknowledge the help I got from the technical staff member of ALTERA laboratory at Department of Electronic System Engineering, IISc in using Synopsys and other CAD tools. I also would like to thank my colleagues at VLSI Design laboratory, EE, IIT Bombay for providing me access to Synopsys and Cadence tools. I acknowledge the collaborative work with LSI Logic where we could perform several experiments on peak power issues.
Many of my friends have contributed to our research work. I am extremely thankful to my co-authors who have actually experimented with many of our ideas. My colleague Deepak Malani has contributed in several aspects of our work on worst power estimation. Thanks to Alok Malakar for conducting a lot of experiments on  flip-flop design, building libraries, doing place and routing of the proposed architecture. Thanks to Binod and Nehru for exploring and experimenting on Dynamic and Bombay scan. Our friend Satyadev has done a work for which I am really thankful to him. We have
designed a set of  flip-flops for high performance and low power scan test. Thanks to Rohini and Nihar for extending the work on worst power estimation. I am thankful to Suryakant Ji and Toral madam for their constant support in several technical diffi culties. Our research atmosphere has always been kept vibrant by several of my friends at CADSL, I thank Newton Singh, Prashant, Sandipan, Nitant, Karthik, Virat, and Vijay for always keeping me encouraged in doing research of some or other kind.

IISc campus has always been a place of quest. Though I am an ordinary researcher but my friends have always kept my quest alive for knowing the laws and principles of Nature. I thank Hrishikesh, Ramesh, Ashish, Thulasi Raman, Ramana Reddy, Govind, Dipti Bhai, Tanuj, Rahul, and other friends  for helping me on several occasion for several reasons. We have always cherished the discussions on the topic which great scientists sometime feel reluctant to discuss. Especially I thank to Ramesh and Ashish for sparing time for me to make me understand the CAD tools and the detail concept of VLSI technology.

Staying in Bangalore has always been pleasant for me. The due goes to my senior brothers of Bhaktivedanta Institute, Bangalore who have always provided me an opportunity to explore the diff erent horizon of life.

The love and care that I have received from my parents can not be acknowledged formally, those are priceless. I pray to the lord Jagannatha that may I ever serve them and keep them in a happy life.

Saying is that without the mercy of supreme lord even a blade of grass does not move. Lord, you are the great, may your greatness be always echoed in my mind.

PS: This is acknowledgment for the thesis which I submitted recently to the Computer Science Department at IISc, Bangalore.

Jaynarayan, Bangalore, India